I. Choosethe correct answer:
1. The founder of the Fascist Partywas Benito Mussolini
2. Mussolini organized the NationalFascist Party in November 1921
3. Mussolini provided Stablegovernment
4. The great relief was provided tothe workers by Charter of Labour
5. Mussolini made common cause with Hitler
6. Mussolini left the League ofNations in 1937
II. Matchthe following:
| 1. Duce | Mussolini |
| 2. Black Shirts | Mussolini’s followers |
| 3. Ovra | Secret Police of Mussolini |
| 4. March on Rome | 1922 |
| 5. Albania | 1939 |
III.Answer the following in brief:
1. What does the term “Fascism” mean?
The term “Fascism” is derived from theLatin word “Fasces” means a bundle or group.
2. What were the four pillars ofFascism?
The four pillarsof Fascism
* Charismatic leadership
* Single party rule
* Terror and
* Economic control.
3. Trace the reasons for the rise ofFascism.
The prevailing economic, social andpolitical conditions were very favourable to the rise of fascism in Italy.
4. How did Mussolini seize power?
- On October 30, 1922, the Fascists organized amarch to Rome and showed their strength.
- Emperor Victor Emanuel III invited Mussolini to form theGovernment.
- The Fascists seized power without bloodshed.
5. Write any two achievements ofMussolini.
Twoachievements of Mussolini
- He provided a stable government.
- Mussolini brought order and discipline in theindustrial field.
- The “Charter of Labour” issued by him providedgreat relief to workers”.
- Marshes were drained. Canals were dug.
6. How did he put an end to theconflict between the Pope and King?
- The ongoing 60 years conflicts between Papacyand the Italian government came to an end by the Later Treaty of 1929, signedbetween the Pope and the Mussolini.
- Mussolini recognized the Pope in the VaticanCity in turn the Pope recognized the king in Rome.
IV. Answerall the questions given under each Caption:
1. FASCISTPARTY
[a] Whowas the founder of Fascist party?
BenitoMussolini
[b] Give the slogans of Mussolini.
“Believe, obey, fight and the moreforce, the more honour”.
[c] What were the aims of Fascism?
“Exaltation of the state, protectionof private property, spirited foreign policy”
[d] What was the motto of Fascism?
“Everything within the state, nothingagainst the state, nothing outside the state”
2.ACHIEVEMENTS OF FASCISM
[a] What did Mussolini bring in theindustrial field?
The charter of labour
[b] What do you know about the“Charter of Labour”?
“The charter of labour” issued by himprovided great relief to workers. Industries were freed from the strikeepidemic.
[c] What were the measures taken byMussolini in the agricultural field?
Mussolini took several measures toincrease the production. Marshes were drained, canals were dug.
[d] When was Lateran Treaty signed?
In 1929
3.AGGRESSIVE FOREIGN POLICY OF MUSSOLINI
[a] What was Mussolini’s slogan beforethe Nation?
“Italy must expand or perish”
[b] When did he capture Albania?
In 1939
[c] Name the island bombarded by theAllied Forces.
Sicily
[d] What was the end of Mussolini?
Mussolini was shot dead by his owncountrymen in 1945.
V. Answerthe following in a paragraph:
1. What were the achievements ofFascism under Mussolini?
Theachievements of Fascism under Mussolini
- Heprovided a stable government.
- Mussolinibrought order and discipline in the industrial field.
- The“Charter of Labour” issued by him provided great relief to workers.
- Marsheswere drained & Canals were dug.
- Theongoing 60 years conflicts between Papacy and the Italian government came to anend by the Latern Treaty of 1929, signed between the Pope and the Mussolini.
- Mussolinirecognized the pope in the Vatican city, in turn the Pope recognized the kingin Rome.
2. Write a paragraph on Mussolini’saggressive foreign policy.
Aggressiveforeign policy that ends in disaster:-
- Mussolini’sslogan before the nation was “Italy must expand or perish”.
- In 1936,he annexed Ethiopia.
- He leftthe League of Nations in 1937.
- Hecaptured Albania in 1939.
- He joinedthe Rome-Berlin-Tokyo axis.
- Mussolinibegan to follow vigorous and forward foreign policy.
- He wasdetermined to raise the prestige of Italy.